In the present paper, experimental observations of the multifragmentation processes of light rel-
ativistic nuclei carried out by means of emulsions are reviewed. Events of the type of “white” stars
in which the dissociation of relativistic nuclei is not accompanied by the production of mesons and
the target-nucleus fragments are considered.
A distinctive feature of the charge topology in the dissociation of the
,
,
, and
nuclei is
an almost total suppression of the binary splitting of nuclei to fragments with charges higher than
. The growth of the nuclear fragmentation degree is revealed in an increase in the multiplicity
of singly and doubly charged fragments with decreasing charge of the non-excited part of the
fragmenting nucleus.
The processes of dissociation of stable
,
,
,
,
, and
isotopes to charged fragments were
used to study special features of the formation of systems consisting of the lightest
,
, and
nuclei. Clustering in form of the
nucleus can be detected in “white” stars via the dissociation
of neutron-deficient
,
,
, and
isotopes.